Microchip PIC16F1938-I/ML 8-Bit Microcontroller Overview and Application Guide
The Microchip PIC16F1938-I/ML is a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller built on an enhanced mid-range core architecture. Housed in a compact 28-pin QFN (ML) package, this device is engineered for applications demanding robust performance, low power consumption, and a high level of integration in a minimal footprint. It is particularly suited for consumer, industrial, automotive, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications where reliability and cost-effectiveness are paramount.
Core Architecture and Performance
At the heart of the PIC16F1938 lies an enhanced mid-range 8-bit CPU core. A significant feature of this architecture is its hardware multiplier, which drastically accelerates mathematical calculations, making it superior to standard core devices for tasks involving data processing or signal conditioning. Operating at a maximum frequency of 32 MHz, it delivers a performance of 8 MIPS, providing ample speed for a wide range of real-time control tasks.
Memory Configuration
The microcontroller is equipped with a substantial and flexible memory subsystem:
14 KB of self-read/write capable Flash program memory allows for flexible application code storage and enables in-application programming (IAP), facilitating firmware updates in the field without removing the chip from the circuit.
512 Bytes of RAM ensures efficient data manipulation during operation.
256 Bytes of non-volatile EEPROM data memory provides critical storage for user data, calibration constants, or system parameters that must be retained even after a power cycle.
Advanced Peripherals and Integration
The PIC16F1938-I/ML stands out due to its rich set of integrated peripherals, which reduce external component count, lower system cost, and enhance overall reliability.
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC): A high-resolution 10-bit ADC with up to 14 channels enables precise measurement of multiple analog signals from sensors.
Timers and Communication: It includes multiple timers (including 8-bit and 16-bit), two Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitters (EUSARTs) for serial communication (RS-232, RS-485), and an SPI/I2C module for interfacing with peripherals like sensors and memory chips.
Core Independent Peripherals (CIPs): A key strength is its array of CIPs, such as:
Complementary Waveform Generator (CWG): For generating precise, complementary signals ideal for motor control.
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) and Enhanced CCP (ECCP) modules: For advanced pulse-width modulation control.
Timer1 with Gate: Allows for precise measurement of pulse lengths.
These peripherals can operate autonomously from the core, offloading the CPU and allowing it to enter low-power sleep modes while maintaining critical functions.
Low-Power Management
Featuring nanowatt XLP technology, this MCU excels in power-sensitive applications. It offers multiple power-saving sleep modes and rapid wake-up times, making it an ideal choice for battery-operated devices like remote controls, sensors, and portable medical equipment.
Application Guide
The combination of its peripherals makes the PIC16F1938-I/ML extremely versatile:
Motor Control Systems: The ECCP and CWG are perfectly suited for controlling brushed DC, stepper, and brushless DC (BLDC) motors.
Sensor Interfaces and Data Logging: The high-resolution ADC and ample EEPROM are ideal for reading multiple sensors (e.g., temperature, pressure) and storing the logged data.
Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI): It can directly drive LED displays and manage button presses, making it suitable for control panels and interactive devices.
Power Management Systems: Its low-power features and robust control peripherals enable intelligent control in power supplies and battery chargers.
The Microchip PIC16F1938-I/ML is a remarkably capable and versatile 8-bit microcontroller. Its blend of high computational performance, extensive peripheral integration—notably its Core Independent Peripherals—and exceptional power efficiency provides a compelling solution for designers. It effectively bridges the gap between basic 8-bit MCUs and more complex 32-bit counterparts, offering a cost-optimized and highly integrated platform for a vast array of embedded control applications.
Keywords: PIC16F1938-I/ML, 8-bit Microcontroller, Core Independent Peripherals (CIP), Nanowatt XLP Technology, In-Application Programming (IAP)
